According to The International Society for Ecological Restoration terminology, Ecological restoration is the process of assisting the recovery of an ecosystem that has been degraded, damaged or destroyed. The issue related with Indonesia wellknown as the centre of World Coral Triangle, the widest area which is owned the Highest marine biodiversity ever.
There are More than 3,000 reef fish species (37% of the world’s) with more than 600 species of reef-building corals (76% of the world’s). The area that Have 6 of the world’s 7 species of marine turtles and 7 of the world’s 10 species of giant clams.
High biodiversity means high productivity. Probably also provides resilience in the face of climate change. Dense coastal populations threaten this biodiversity even as they depend on it. Healthy coral reefs are much preferred to rehabilitated or restored reefs, hence. They should be conserved or preserved. But if the reef is already damaged or degraded, two courses of action may be taken: Passive Restoration and Active Restoration.
Passive Restoration
Approaches to address problems, Passive Restoration should becoming from the assumptions: The ecosystem is naturally resilient with adequate sources of propagules of lost species and climate change will not alter the dynamics of the ecosystem. The action is how to remove anthropogenic threats; stop Overexploitation, Pollution, Destructive practices, Establish Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), including prevent extirpation of local populations.
Active Restoration
Approaches to address problems, Active Restoration should becoming from the assumptions: Passive restoration is not enough, especially in the face of elevated temperatures and lower pH. Active restoration helps accelerate the recovery of ecosystems or of populations of certain species:
1. Coral restoration techniques, Asexual reproduction, Nursery concept, Sexual reproduction.
2. Restocking of marine organisms: Giant clam, Top shell, Sea urchin, Sea cucumber, Fish and other species.
The big question is: How Recent restoration activities and researches in Indonesia? Maybe it won’t be late to considering for national or maybe regional large scale restoration start up program with the one of activity to collaborated between biologists and oceanographers such as: Appropriate species to use, Mix of species, Source of large numbers of transplant material, Positioning of transplants, Determining position of source reefs and intended sink reefs, Restocking of marine organisms: Giant clams, Top shells, Sea urchins, Sea cucumbers, Fish and other organisms, also need to address fish restocking in the future in addition to natural recruitment on rehabilitated areas.
Two important references in coral restoration initiatives:
1. Reef Restoration Concepts & Guidelines: Making sensible management choices in the face of uncertainty. (A. Edwards and E. Gomez 2007) 38 pp.
2. Reef Rehabilitation Manual. (A. Edwards, ed., 2010) [GEF CRTR and Reefres projects] 166 pp. Available from: www.gefcoral.org
Konsultan Kreatif
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