Width of island under 10.000km2 could be identified as small island.Sum of small islands in Indonesia is not definite, as 17.508 (Dishidros), 17.480 (Fredy Numberi), and in 1987 Pusat Survei dan Pemetaan ABRI (Pussurta ABRI) declared total of 17.508 and Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional (Lapan), in 2002 based on the result of Citra Satellite declared a sum of 18.306.Data issued by Home Affair Department (Currently Ministry) based on Governors and Regents/Majors report on 2004 clarifies sum of: 7.870 named small islands, 9.634 unnamed small islands, approximately 6.000 small islands are occupied by human.
The meaning of traditional among other refers to customary, conventional, recognized, acknowledged, received, rooted, historical … which are meaningful, significant and important (MacLeod, 1996). In this sense, one must be understood the terminology of recognized and received from community’s perspective.The meaning of community, A community can have lots of meanings (Funky Dragon) a.o.: A given segment of a society or a population (Medilexicon). A group of people who live in the same area, share common interests and look out for one another (Encyclo). A collection of people within a geographical area; more loosely, a group of people who have characteristics in common (Polity UK).The signicance of small island: Article 121 verses (1) of Part VIII UNCLOS 1982 under topic of Island Regime determine that “an island is naturally formed area of land, surrounded by water, which is above water at high tide”. The definition of “small” refers to width of a region. It covers elements of area, population, density, economy indicators, physical characteristics, geography or combination of some of the elements … which ecologically have physic clear border from mainland, and isolated from other habitat so that shows an insular character.
Strong Relation Among Aspects of Social Life in Closed Community as well as in Small Islands Region, Any aspects could not be clearly separated from other. Small islands condition have unique ecology as well as the potential of varieties of natural resources. The ecology of small island relatively homogenous in a isolated position toward main island and the island characteristic dominated by a sea ecosystem.
Orientation on Land and Coast/Marine, Differ from any conclusion that communities in great part of Indonesia have more continent orientation than coast or marine area (Dedy Syafikri, 2009), communities in small and medium island with limited area, have strong orientation on both land and coast or marine area. Although their daily activities are subsistence they still have “programs” for managing environment surround them that are on land and coast/marine side. The main objectives activities mainly based on the vulnerable to natural hazard, scarcity and other resources depends on season.
Threats to Local Community Interest, Problems on human settlements and livelihoods resource issues became stronger in both capital of island regency and sea or coast side.People from outside fills places inside the capital, particularly at traditional market place. Businessmen from outside small island region came for fishing or cultivates sea grass or pearl at sea and coast side ; The coming of foreign fish vessel to traditional fishing ground for fishing.
Problems Among Local People toward Outsider, In traditional market, sharp problems come down because of occupation of places in the traditional markets. The outsider traders have more capacity in both experiences of neither business nor capital than local traditional trader. Easiness to get bank facilities by outsider trader or outsider business person than local trader or local business.
Others problem including: In places where local community are dominant this condition does not make social friction. The same condition occurs as long as the outsider appraise or bearing respect to local people, or there is mutual respect within whole society.
Cultural orientation of small islands community tends to the center of growth as to capital of regency, or province, or to market places they can reach. Cultural orientation of small islands community tends to the center of growth as to capital of regency, or province, or to market places they can reach. The presence of outsider into new capital regency and some villages around, does not make much change on cultural orientation of small islands community. Traditional behavior, culture and belief still exist and could be seen clearly within their daily life.
Poverty is a common condition to great part of small islands community.Opposite condition that is local community prosperity could be seen at communities in some other small islands.Kinds of activity within economic life consist of traditional agriculture on both land nor coast/sea side.
Other Constraints, isolation and insularity of small islands, limitedness of public sector institution capacity, limitedness to develop diversification of local natural resources based product.
Specific Capacity to Estimate Natural Condition, The estimates of return time for dry season, storms, hurricanes, strong wind, and big wave remain predictable, but not to earthquake. Specific capacity is needed by the small island community for knowing the long term effect caused by the rise of sea water level. Specific technology and information system is needed toward tsunami.
Konsultan Kreatif
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